Coffee is a popular morning beverage that provides a much-needed energy boost. However, for people with high blood pressure, the question remains: Is coffee safe?
According to Dr. Priyanka Sehrawat, neurologist at AIIMS, New Delhi, India, moderate coffee consumption—1 mug per day—is unlikely to affect controlled BP patients if they maintain a healthy lifestyle by avoiding alcohol, smoking, and other harmful habits.
The Science of Caffeine and Blood Pressure
Caffeine, a key component in coffee, can induce a short-term rise in blood pressure due to its stimulating effects on the cardiovascular system.
As a vasoconstrictor, caffeine reduces the size of blood vessels, potentially raising blood pressure. It exerts its effects by interacting with several receptors in the brain.
The benefits and risks of drinking coffee remain controversial, as evidence to date is inconclusive. While moderate consumption is generally safe, individuals with high blood pressure should exercise caution.
Monitor your blood pressure: Regularly track your blood pressure to ensure coffee consumption does not cause significant spikes.
Choose Arabica over Robusta: Arabica beans contain lower levels of caffeine and higher levels of antioxidants compared to Robusta beans.
Be mindful of additives: Avoid adding large amounts of sugar, cream, or syrup to your coffee, as these significantly increase calorie and fat intake.
Consult your doctor: If you have concerns about your coffee intake or experience adverse effects, consult your healthcare provider for guidance.
Patients with controlled blood pressure can safely consume 1 mug of coffee daily without long-term effects, provided they maintain a healthy lifestyle.Dr. Priyanka Sehrawat, MD Medicine, DM Neurology at AIIMS, New Delhi
A review concluded that people with raised blood pressure should exercise caution when drinking coffee. [1] The review noted that while older studies suggested a link between coffee and hypertension, more recent research indicates that 3–4 cups a day may have a neutral or even beneficial effect.
A study involving 40 healthy regular coffee drinkers found that all types of coffee increased blood pressure. However, the blood pressure levels remained within healthy limits. [2] The increase was short-lived but measurable for up to 3 hours after consumption. [3]
Additionally, morning coffee consumption has been linked to a decreased risk of mortality compared to coffee consumed later in the day. [4]
Some alternatives contain caffeine, while others are naturally caffeine-free:
Chicory coffee
Dandelion root coffee
Rooibos tea
Yerba mate
Roasted barley or grain drinks
While individuals with high blood pressure should approach coffee consumption with caution, moderate amounts can be safely enjoyed as part of a balanced diet. By being mindful of portion sizes, choosing the right type of coffee, and regularly monitoring blood pressure, high BP individuals can enjoy coffee's benefits while minimizing potential risks and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
References:
Abu-Taha, May, Rajaa Dagash, Beisan A. Mohammad, Iman Basheiti, and Mahmoud S. Abu-Samak. "Combined Effect of Coffee Consumption and Cigarette Smoking on Serum Levels of Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, and Lipid Profile in Young Male: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of General Medicine 12 (2019): 421–432.
Papakonstantinou, Eleni, Ioanna Kechribari, Κonstantinos Sotirakoglou, Petros Tarantilis, Theodosia Gourdomichali, Georgios Michas, Vasiliki Kravvariti, Konstantinos Voumvourakis, Antonis Zampelas. "Acute Effects of Coffee Consumption on Self-Reported Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Blood Pressure and Stress Indices in Healthy Individuals." Nutrition Journal 15 (March 15, 2016): 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-016-0146-0.
Mesas, Alberto E., Luis M. Leon-Muñoz, Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo, and Esther Lopez-Garcia. "The Effect of Coffee on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease in Hypertensive Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 94, no. 4 (October 2011): 1113–26. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.016667.
Wang, Xuan, Hao Ma, Qi Sun, Jun Li, Yoriko Heianza, Rob M. Van Dam, Frank B. Hu, Eric Rimm, JoAnn E. Manson, and Lu Qi. "Coffee Drinking Timing and Mortality in US Adults." European Heart Journal, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae871.