Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term for a group of neurodevelopmental conditions defined by significant challenges in social interaction, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors, as well as limited interests and activities. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technique that enables in vivo dynamic and quantitative research. It serves as a crucial tool for investigating pathophysiological mechanisms, assessing therapeutic effectiveness, and expediting drug development for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Recent research published in Nature’s Molecular Psychiatry looks at the differences in social interaction and communication observed in autistic and non-autistic adults, using positron emission tomography (PET), a type of brain imaging. In the study, PET was used to directly measure the connections between brain cells (synapses).
This is the first time it has been done in autism, and we learned that autistic adults have fewer of these synapses throughout their brains. We also learned that this was very strongly related to the social and communicative differences in autism.James McPartland, PhD, Harris Professor in the Child Study Center at Yale School of Medicine
In this imaging study, McPartland says they also learned that the fewer synapses a person had, the more likely they were to show difficulties in social interaction and communication. These findings give insight as to what might be actually happening in the brain that accounts for the challenges many autistic people experience, he says. “It gives us important ideas about how we might better support autistic people,” says McPartland.
Other researchers involved in the study included David Matuskey, Yanghong Yang, Mika Naganawa, Sheida Kooshari, Takuya Toyonaga, Paul Gravel, Brian Pittman, Kristen Torres, Lauren Pisani, Caroline Finn, Sophie Cramer-Benjamin, Nicole Herman, Lindsey H. Rosenthal, Cassandra J. Franke, Bridget M. Walicki, Irina Esterlis, Patrick Skosnik, Rajiv Radharkrishnan, Julie M. Wolf, Nabeel Nabulsi, Jim Ropchan, Yiyun Huang, Richard E. Carson, and Adam J. Naples.
Newswise/ SD