White button mushrooms, scientifically known as Agaricus bisporus, are among the most widely consumed fungi worldwide and have shown potential as a natural remedy to combat cancer. Recent clinical trials have revealed that these edible mushrooms can shrink tumors, delay their growth, and enhance the activity of immune cells that fight cancer.
While the medicinal properties of mushrooms have long been acknowledged, their precise mechanisms of action remained unclear. However, a study by City of Hope—one of the largest and most advanced cancer research centers in the United States—has shed light on the health benefits of white button mushrooms.
Published in the journal Molecule, the study highlights that these mushrooms are packed with antioxidant compounds, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, ergothioneine, glutathione, selenium, and vitamin C. These nutrients may contribute to their cancer-fighting properties. White button mushrooms have been a dietary staple since the 1600s, prized for their small size, neutral color, and culinary versatility, which allows them to be used in a wide variety of dishes.
We’re finding that plant-derived substances may one day be used to support traditional cancer treatment and prevention practicesDr. Shiuan Chen, City of Hope
Dr. Shiuan Chen, a professor at City of Hope’s Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine and the corresponding author of the study, said, “City of Hope researchers are investigating foods like white button mushroom, grape seed extract, pomegranate, blueberries, and ripe purple berries called Jamun for their potential medicinal properties. We’re finding that plant-derived substances may one day be used to support traditional cancer treatment and prevention practices.”
In earlier phase I clinical trials, researchers explored the use of white button mushroom tablets as a nutraceutical intervention for recurring prostate cancer. Among 36 participants, 13 experienced significantly reduced prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels without affecting blood testosterone levels. PSA is a protein produced by prostate cells and is used as a marker to screen for prostate cancer.
The phase II trial focused on immune responses to white button mushroom consumption in preclinical trials with mice and human prostate cancer patients. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were a central focus, as they accumulate in the tumor microenvironment, hinder immune cells, and promote tumor growth.
In mouse models, researchers tested FDA-approved white button mushroom extract both as a preventive and therapeutic treatment for prostate cancer. As a preventive measure, the extract delayed tumor growth and extended survival when administered before tumor cells were introduced. As a therapeutic treatment, daily doses of the extract shrank established tumors, improved survival, and reduced MDSCs. This reduction enabled T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells to combat cancer more effectively. Similar effects were observed in human prostate cancer patients, with a reduction in MDSCs and activation of immune responses.
While the results are promising, the researchers cautioned against self-prescription. Dr. Xiaoqiang Wang, the study’s lead author and a staff scientist at City of Hope, emphasized, “Our study emphasizes the importance of seeking professional guidance to ensure safety and to avoid self-prescribing supplements without consulting a health care provider. Some people are buying mushroom products or extracts online, but these are not FDA-approved. While our research has promising early results, the study is ongoing. That said, it couldn’t hurt if people wanted to add more fresh white button mushrooms to their everyday diet.”
Our study emphasizes the importance of seeking professional guidance to ensure safety and to avoid self-prescribing supplements without consulting a health care providerDr. Xiaoqiang Wang
White button mushrooms gained popularity in the United States in the early 20th century, particularly in Pennsylvania, where they were cultivated in abandoned coal mines. These mushrooms thrive in dark environments such as caves or tunnels and require nutrient-rich soil, known as substrate, for growth.
White button mushrooms are rich in protein, vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12, C, and D), and minerals like iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc.
White button mushrooms are versatile and can be used in various dishes:
The antioxidants in white button mushrooms can reduce tumor growth and enhance the immune response, as evidenced by recent clinical trials.
White button mushrooms contain antioxidants that reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, bad cholesterol, and triglycerides—factors that contribute to heart disease risk.
Research published in the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules suggests that the polysaccharides in white mushrooms may help lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin resistance.
The polysaccharides in these mushrooms act as prebiotics, promoting digestive health by feeding beneficial gut bacteria.
Reference:
1. Wang X, Ma S, Twardowski P, et al. Reduction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in prostate cancer murine models and patients following white button mushroom treatment. Clin Transl Med. 2024;e70048. https://doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.70048
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