A research team from Agharkar Research Institute, an autonomous institute under the Department of Science & Technology (DST), has utilized Nikkomycin—a chitin synthesis inhibitor produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spp.—to create polymeric nanoparticles loaded with this fungicide. Chitin, the main component of fungal cell walls, is not present in the human body. The nanoparticles carrying Nikkomycin were shown to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus spp. and proved effective against Aspergillosis, a fungal infection caused by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. The developed nanoformulation was also found to be non-cytotoxic and non-hemolytic.

A novel drug delivery method has the potential to benefit patients with conditions like asthma, cystic fibrosis, or pre-existing lung disease, as well as those with HIV, cancer, or prolonged exposure to corticosteroids. Nanoparticles offer a promising approach for controlled and efficient drug release, with polymeric nanoparticles representing the most advanced delivery method. Currently, azole drugs target and neutralize fungal membranes, but resistance to these antifungal treatments is an increasing concern. Therefore, improved drug delivery techniques are needed to ensure that medications for treating infections remain effective.

The ARI team is optimistic about applying this method to develop inhalation nanoformulations for treating pulmonary aspergillosis. The research, led by Scientist Dr. Vandana Ghormade and PhD student Kamal Mayattu, was published in the journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. The team also envisions expanding the use of these antifungal nanoformulations and exploring opportunities for public-private partnerships to commercialize the technology in the future.

(Input from various sources)

(Rehash/Ankur Deka/MSM)