A University of California, Irvine-led team has found evidence of a potential link between patterns of changes in a key pregnancy hormone – placental corticotropin-releasing hormone – and symptoms of postpartum depression. The findings, published in Psychoneuroendocrinology, add to a growing body of research on physiological risk factors during pregnancy tied to adverse postpartum outcomes and could aid in the early identification of at-risk mothers.
“Symptoms of depression following the birth of a child can have adverse effects for mothers, children, and families, so it’s vitally important that we work to understand the causes.”
Co-authors include Gabrielle R. Rinne, a UCLA health psychology Ph.D. student; Christine Dunkel Schetter, a Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology at UCLA; and Mary Coussons-Read, a psychology professor and department chair at the University of Colorado Colorado Springs.
Blood samples were taken at three prenatal visits – one at eight to 16 weeks gestation, one at 20 to 26 weeks gestation, and one at 30 to 36 weeks gestation – and a 10-item questionnaire was administered at one, six, and 12 months postpartum to track the occurrence and degree of depressive symptoms.
The study followed 173 U.S. women of various income and education levels as well as racial and ethnic backgrounds (non-Latina white, Latina/Hispanic, Black, and Asian) throughout pregnancy and the year after childbirth. Blood samples were taken at three prenatal visits – one at eight to 16 weeks gestation, one at 20 to 26 weeks gestation, and one at 30 to 36 weeks gestation – and a 10-item questionnaire was administered at one, six, and 12 months postpartum to track the occurrence and degree of depressive symptoms.
Previous studies have focused on a singular point in time to assess [placental corticotropin-releasing hormone] levels, whereas our work characterized comprehensive changes in pCRH across pregnancy to clarify links with postpartum mental health.
Isabel F. Almeida, UC Irvine assistant professor of Chicano/Latino studies
“This person-centered approach was key, as it allowed us to identify and compare subgroups of individuals and their trajectories at a more granular level over pregnancy alongside postpartum data.”
Earlier work has shown that pCRH levels increase exponentially throughout pregnancy, and blood samples taken by the researchers were consistent with these patterns. However, there was variability in individual ranges of pCRH, particularly between mid and late-stage prenatal levels. Specifically, women fell into one of three groups:
Almeida said the results suggest that pCRH trajectories may influence postpartum depressive symptoms: “Our findings highlight the dynamic physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and elucidate how such changes relate to postpartum health. Future work should further explore how changes in stress response in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are related to postpartum depressive symptoms, focusing specifically on patterns of change in pCRH.”
Funding for this work was provided by the National Institute of Mental Health Biobehavioral Issues in Mental and Physical Health Program (T32-MH015750); a UCI Chancellor’sADVANCE Postdoctoral Fellowship; and a Eugene V. Cota-Robles Fellowship.
(Newswise/TAB)
