India Reports Two Cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Karnataka Amid Global Concerns

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has confirmed the detection of two cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Karnataka through its routine surveillance of respiratory diseases. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare reassured the public that there has been no unexpected increase in Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) cases across the nation.

Details of the Affected Cases

• A 3-month-old female infant was admitted to Baptist Hospital in Bengaluru with symptoms of bronchopneumonia. The infant has since been discharged following treatment.

• An 8-month-old male infant, who was admitted to the same hospital, tested positive for HMPV on January 3, 2025. The infant is now recovering.

Importantly, neither of the infants had a history of international travel, ruling out the possibility of the virus being contracted abroad.

Global and National Context of HMPV

China's ongoing respiratory illness outbreak, driven by HMPV, has led to heightened global concern.

While it can affect individuals of all ages, those at higher risk include:

• Young children (under five years old)

• Older adults

• People with weakened immune system

The ICMR has observed that although cases have been identified, data from both ICMR and the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) indicate no abnormal increase in respiratory illnesses.

India's Readiness to Manage Respiratory Illnesses

India has a well-established surveillance system for tracking Influenza-Like Illness and Severe Acute Respiratory Illness. A recent national preparedness drill confirmed that the healthcare system is ready to respond effectively to any potential increase in respiratory illnesses.

The ICMR plans to expand the network of laboratories testing for HMPV and will continue to monitor its trends throughout the year.

Regional Responses and Expert Guidance

Experts from the Ministry of Health, ICMR, and other health bodies, including the World Health Organization (WHO), have reviewed the situation. A meeting of the Joint Monitoring Group (JMG) confirmed that the ongoing increase in respiratory illnesses in China is part of the seasonal flu pattern, which includes viruses like HMPV, Influenza, and RSV.

Several Indian states have already issued guidelines and advisories to minimize the spread of respiratory illnesses:

• Delhi: Health authorities have mandated strict isolation protocols and ensured that essential medications, including oxygen for severe cases, are readily available.

• Kerala: The Health Minister advised elderly individuals and pregnant women to wear masks and recommended that children stay home from school if they are ill.

• Telangana: The state issued guidelines on hand hygiene and respiratory practices but reported no cases of HMPV.

• Andhra Pradesh: Health officials emphasized proper hygiene, including handwashing and covering the mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing.

Challenges and Health Recommendations

There is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for HMPV, so treatment primarily focuses on providing supportive care, especially for vulnerable populations like young children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions. Government hospitals are equipped to manage severe cases.

Precautions and Public Health Measures

While two cases of HMPV in Karnataka have raised concerns, the Ministry of Health has assured the public that the country's surveillance systems are robust, and the healthcare system is prepared to handle any emerging threats. Citizens are encouraged to follow health advisories to reduce the spread of respiratory infections.

(Input from various sources)

(Rehash/Dr. Sreelekshmi P/MSM)