Computed Tomography (CT) scans have revolutionized medical diagnostics, providing detailed images that aid in the detection and management of various health conditions. However, growing evidence suggests that repeated exposure to the ionizing radiation used in CT scans may increase the risk of developing cancer.
Over the last few years, the usage of CT scans has skyrocketed. In the US alone, about 93 million CT scans were conducted in 2023 on about 62 million patients. This extensive usage fuels concerns regarding the population's cumulative exposure to radiation.
CT scans expose patients to more ionizing radiation than regular X-rays. For example, a single chest CT scan can expose patients to a dose of radiation equivalent to approximately 100 chest X-rays. Multiple exposures to such a dose can harm DNA in cells, which may result in mutations and cancer development in the long term.
An estimate by a study in JAMA Internal Medicine predicts that the CT scans of 2023 might result in as many as 103,000 future cancer diagnoses in the United States, making up about 5% of all new cancers in the country. Lung and colon cancers are the most widely estimated radiation-induced cancers, and lung cancer itself is expected to account for about 22,400 cases.
Children and infants are particularly susceptible to the risks associated with CT scan radiation. Their developing tissues and longer life expectancy increase the window for potential radiation-induced malignancies to develop. Common projected cancers in children include thyroid, lung, and breast cancers
While CT scans are invaluable diagnostic tools, it's crucial to assess their necessity on a case-by-case basis. Studies suggest that up to 30% of CT scans might not be medically essential. Unnecessary scans not only expose patients to avoidable radiation but also contribute to increased healthcare costs.
To minimize radiation exposure, healthcare providers and patients should consider alternative imaging methods when appropriate. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and ultrasound are two modalities that do not use ionizing radiation and can be effective substitutes in many diagnostic scenarios.
When CT scans are necessary, employing the lowest possible radiation dose to achieve the required diagnostic quality is essential. Technological advancements have led to the development of low-dose CT protocols, which can significantly reduce radiation exposure without compromising image quality.
Patients are encouraged to engage in open dialogues with their healthcare providers regarding the necessity and frequency of CT scans. Inquiring about the potential risks, benefits, and available alternatives can lead to more informed decisions and better health outcomes.
CT scans play a critical role in modern medicine, offering unparalleled insights into the human body. However, the potential risks associated with repeated radiation exposure cannot be overlooked. By understanding these risks, evaluating the necessity of each scan, and considering safer alternatives, when possible, patients and healthcare providers can work together to ensure that the benefits of imaging outweigh the potential harms.
(Input from various sources)
(Rehash/Sakshi Thakar/MSM)
