Perception is the organization, selecting and interpretation of sensory information. When our sensory organs pick up on a stimulus (called a distal stimulus or a distal object), the brain translates that into chemical impulses or neural activity through a process called transduction. When there is damage to our brain, it leads to problems like face agnosia (inability to recognise faces), achromatopsia (inability to see colour), etc. Brain mapping techniques like fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) help to specifically locate neural activity related to perception.
The brain responds to gestures as well and interprets them using different areas and to varying degrees based on age. In fact, the way the brain processes gestures, is not just to understand it but also to predict what it thinks will happen next. The human brain is so powerful that it processes multiple things at the same time, despite how different and rapid they are.
There are various kinds of perception. Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognise the same object from varying sensory outputs. An example of perceptual constancy is colour constancy. In this, we recognise the same colour under different intensities and lights of different colours. Or take, roughness constancy, wherein no matter how fast or slow you move your hand, the brain helps you perceive the right roughness. A perceptual illusion occurs when the sensory organs transmit misleading information to the brain. It is a cognitive phenomenon and not a sensory one.
Reading is such an interesting aspect that includes the left temporal and parietal lobes. Apart from the frontal lobe selectively excluding a word, it also pays attention to the size, the font, the position, and other aspects. A lot of our perception occurs on the basis of past experiences, or similar ideas. So, with this idea, a large part of learning disabilities occur due to faulty perception, that is, weaker the ground perception, stronger the disability becomes. These kinds of learning disabilities are called perceptual disabilities. They can occur at any point during the input, integration, memory or the output, but most disorders take place at the processing level. However, the use of processes such as neurofeedback attention and perception processes can be improved.
