They’re Called ‘Kissing Bugs’ — But Their Bite Could Damage Your Heart Forever

The Rise of Chagas Disease in the U.S.

Chagas disease, once confined to Latin America, is now emerging as a significant health concern in the United States. Transmitted by triatomine insects, commonly known as "kissing bugs," this parasitic infection is spreading across multiple states, including Texas, California, and Florida. ¹

Experts estimate that over 300,000 individuals in the U.S. are living with Chagas disease, many of whom are yet to be aware of its existence due to its often silent progression. ¹

Understanding Chagas Disease

Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The primary vector, the kissing bug, transmits the parasite through its feces, which can enter the human body via mucous membranes or broken skin. The disease progresses in two phases:

• Acute Phase: Symptoms may include fever, fatigue, body aches, and swelling at the site of infection.

• Chronic Phase: If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and digestive issues.

Geographic Spread and Local Transmission

Recent studies have confirmed locally acquired cases of Chagas disease in the U.S. For instance, between 2013 and 2023, Texas reported approximately 50 human infections. ¹

Canine infections are even more prevalent, with some kennels reporting infection rates up to 31%. ¹

Several kissing bug species found in Texas carry the parasite, with some showing infection rates of 30% to 50%. Wildlife such as opossums and raccoons also serve as reservoirs, perpetuating environmental transmission.

Prevention and Safety Measures

To reduce the risk of Chagas disease:

• Seal Entry Points: Ensure that homes are well-sealed to prevent insects from entering.

• Use Insect Screens: Install screens on windows and doors to keep bugs out.

• Maintain Clean Environments: Keep living areas, especially pet shelters, clean and free of insects.

• Avoid Direct Contact: If a kissing bug is found, avoid touching it directly. Use gloves or a container to trap and remove it, and contact local health authorities for guidance.

Ongoing Research and Public Health Efforts

Researchers are actively studying Chagas disease to better understand its spread and develop effective treatments.

A recent study published in Emerging Infectious Diseases highlighted the increasing prevalence of kissing bugs in the southern U.S. and recommended reclassifying the region as "hypoendemic" to enhance disease monitoring and response. ²

Current Concerns and Early Detection

Chagas disease represents a growing public health concern in the United States, particularly in southern states where kissing bugs are prevalent¹.

Early detection and preventive measures are crucial to mitigate the impact of this potentially life-threatening disease¹. Public awareness and continued research are essential to address this emerging health issue effectively. ³

References:

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). “Kissing Bug Transmission in the United States.” Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/eid/index.html.

2. University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute. “New Study Suggests Florida Chagas Disease Transmission.” 2023. https://epi.ufl.edu/2023/07/07/new-study-suggests-florida-chagas-disease-transmission/.

3. Penn State University. “Kissing Bugs, Vector for Chagas Disease, Successfully Gene Edited for First Time.” 2024. https://news.psu.edu/story/601234/2024/09/15/research/kissing-bugs-vector-chagas-disease-successfully-gene-edited-first-time.

(Rh/Eth/ARC/MSM)