Ayurvedic medicine manufacturers in Kerala are considering legal action following the Kerala Forest Department's recent decision to restrict access to bhasmam, a crucial ingredient in traditional Ayurvedic formulations. Bhasmam, which includes calcined minerals like mica and coral, is integral to numerous Ayurvedic treatments.

The Forest Department's move has raised concerns among manufacturers about the impact on production and compliance with traditional practices. Industry leaders are reportedly consulting legal experts to determine the best course of action to challenge the decision under the Kerala Forest Act, 1961, Sections 17 and 18, which regulate the collection and transport of forest produce.

The Kerala Forest Act, 1961 was created to protect and manage the state’s forests while ensuring resources are used responsibly. It controls how forest produce—including plants, minerals, and other natural resources—is collected, transported, and used, so that ecosystems remain healthy for future generations. Sections like 17 and 18 require official permission for harvesting or moving forest products, while Sections 24 and 25 allow authorities to limit access to sensitive areas when necessary.

For Ayurvedic manufacturers, this law is particularly important because ingredients like bhasmam, mica, and coral come from forested areas. Following the rules ensures that traditional medicines can continue to be produced without harming the environment or risking legal trouble. ¹

Even as the Kerala government’s recent amendments to the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972—allowing the culling of wild animals that stray into human settlements—have sparked debate, Ayurvedic medicine manufacturers are exploring legal avenues to benefit from another amendment introduced by the Central government two years ago, which permits the incineration of horns and tusks from deceased animals.

Representatives from the Ayurvedic Medicine Manufacturers Organisation of India (AMMOI) have highlighted that bhasmam—the ash derived from incinerated deer antlers and animal tusks—is a key ingredient in several Ayurvedic medicines, some of which are also exported.

D. Ramanathan, AMMOI’s General Secretary, stated that the organization is exploring legal avenues to secure the release of the ash from the Forest Department, citing its current shortage in the market.

Bhasmam is a traditional Ayurvedic ingredient made by calcining minerals and metals, such as mica, coral, and other naturally occurring substances. It is widely used in Ayurvedic medicines for its therapeutic properties, including promoting digestion, boosting immunity, and supporting overall wellness. Because it is derived from natural minerals, sourcing bhasmam requires careful processing and sometimes involves collecting materials from forests or coastal areas.

Industry associations are emphasizing dialogue with government authorities to seek clarity and potential exemptions that would allow the continued use of bhasmam in accordance with tradition, while respecting environmental concerns.

The Kerala Forest Department has not yet provided a definitive timeline for reviewing requests or issuing permits, prompting manufacturers to consider formal legal recourse citing the specific provisions under Sections 17, 18, and 24 of the Kerala Forest Act.

Reference

Government of Kerala. Kerala Forest Act, 1961. Kerala Forest Department. Accessed September 22, 2025. https://forest.kerala.gov.in/images/legislations/Kerala%20Forest%20Act%201961.pdf.

(Rh/Eth/ARC)